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In biological classification, subspecies (abbreviated "subsp." or "ssp."; ''plural'': "subspecies") is either a taxonomic rank subordinate to species, or a taxonomic unit in that rank. A subspecies cannot be recognized independently: a species will either be recognized as having no subspecies at all or at least two (including any that are extinct). Under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the subspecies is the only taxonomic rank below that of species that can receive a name. Under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, other infraspecific ranks, such as variety may be named. In bacteriology, there are recommendations but not strict requirements for recognizing other important infraspecific ranks. A taxonomist decides whether to recognize a subspecies or not. A common way to decide is that organisms belonging to different subspecies of the same species are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring, but they do not usually interbreed in nature due to geographic isolation, sexual selection, or other factors. The differences between subspecies are usually less distinct than the differences between species. == Nomenclature == In zoology, the ''International Code of Zoological Nomenclature'' (4th edition, 1999) accepts only one rank below that of species, namely the rank of subspecies.〔("Index" ). ''International Code of Zoological Nomenclature''. Fourth Edition. Natural History Museum. January 1, 2000. Retrieved January 17, 2013.〕 Other groupings, "infrasubspecific entities" do not have names regulated by the ''ICZN''. Such forms have no official ''ICZN'' status, though they may be useful in describing altitudinal or geographical clines, pet breeds, transgenic animals, etc. While the scientific name of a species is a binomen, the scientific name of a subspecies is a trinomen - a binomen followed by a subspecific name. A tiger's binomen is ''Panthera tigris'', so for a Sumatran tiger the trinomen is, for example, ''Panthera tigris sumatrae''. In bacteriology, the only rank below species that is regulated explicitly by the code of nomenclature is ''subspecies'', but infrasubspecific taxa are extremely important in bacteriology; Appendix 10 of the code lays out some recommendations that are intended to encourage uniformity in describing such taxa. Names published before 1992 in the rank of ''variety'' are taken to be names of subspecies〔("Chapter 3Rules of Nomenclature with Recommendations" ). National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved January 17, 2013.〕 (see ''International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria''). In botany, subspecies is one of many ranks below that of species, such as variety, subvariety, form, and subform. The subspecific name is preceded by "subsp." or "ssp.", as ''Schoenoplectus californicus'' ssp. ''tatora'' (totora). A botanical name consists of at most three parts. An infraspecific name includes the species binomial, and one infraspecific epithet, such as subspecies or variety. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Subspecies」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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